Composite metal.



T. S. FULLER.

GOMPOSITE METAL APPLIUATIOHTILED 11.29. 1913.

Patented Nov. 11, 1913.

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` His &1 035527 TRUMAN s. FULLER,

' UNITED sTA'rEs PATENT F CE.

OF SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK, ASSIG-NOB TO GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

COMPOSITE METAL.

Specication of Letters l 'atent.

Patented Nov. 1 1, 1 913.

Application filed January 29, 1913. Serial No. 744,so7.

To aZZ whom it may concern:

' of this character in which a Copper-nickel alloy having nickel predoninating is united to a ferrous metal in which iron predominates in such a way that the composite body of metal may be rolled, drawn and otherwise treated as a single metal.

Niekel-copper 'alloys in which nickel predominates possess properties which are very useful in the arts. This is particularly true of a metal of this class commercially known as Monel metal which is a natural alloy containing nickel, Copper and a small percentage of other metals such as iron and manganese, the ratio of nickel and Copper being about 2 to -1. This metal is nonoxidizable, even at a very high temperature, is not afi'ected by atnospheric conditions,

- and resists the Corrosive action of acids, salt water, etc. It is very strong, hard, ductile, and is susceptible of a very high polish. The relatively high cost of this metal and the fact that it is not as easily workable as sone more commonly used metals however tends to limit its use in the arts.

One of the objects of my invention is to form a eomposite metal by uniting a metal of the general character of Monel metal to a less expensive metal such as iron or steel, so that the composite metal will have most of the essential 'properties of the Monel metal'but will be less expensive and more easily workable. i i

I have found that a nickel-Copper alloy in which nickel predominates may be united under certain' conditions to another metal in which iron predominates by an intermediate cupreous film *or layer. The composite metal thus formed may be rolled, drawn or i otherwise worked as a single metal since the metals are so thoroughly united that they' act as one metal. I have found, for instance, that a plate of the aforesaid alloy may be united to a plate of iron or steel by inserting a sheet of copperbetween the plates and raising the temperature to the melting point of copper in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, no compression of the plates and no fiux of any kind being required.

In thedrawing is illust-ratcd an arrangcment of plates and sheets of met-als preparatory to placing the Same in a furnace for the purpose of carrying out my invention.

The object is to produce a composite billet consisting of a layer of iron or steel coated on both sides with a. film or layer of the.

nickel-Copper alloy.

10 is a plate of iron or steel. I have found that a steel co-mprising about 13/100' u carbon and 36/100 manga-nese is very suitable for thispurpose. i

11 and 12 are plates of nickel-Copper alloy in which nickel predoninates. 13 and lt are sheets of copper.- The superposed bodies of metal are placed in a furnace and raisedto substantially the nelting point of the Copper or somewhat above, but below melting points of the other .metals. This should be done in a non-oxidizing or inert atmosphere. A hydrogen atmosphere is particularly desirable as it readily reduces any oxids on the 'surface of the metals. However the process may be carried out in an electric vaeuun furnace utilizing carbon eleetrodes.

After the above-stated operation has progressed sufliciently to thoroughly nelt the copper the conposite hillet may be removed froni the fu'rnace. It will he found that the netals are very intinately joined and even a nicroscopie examinatior will disclose practically no flaws. The composite billet may bereadily worked as hy rolling without efiecting a separation of the Component metal layers, and the rolliug may be conducted at a hightemperature or at a low temperature.

the

On account ot' the fact that the nickel-Copper allo-y is not,

to Work, is comparatively inexpensive and possesses the advantages of Monel metal to a high degree. It can be fashioned into articles of various shapes as it lends itself reudily to the spinning or rolling processes.

- The coating of nickel-Copper alloy protects linng ovens or other I devices WlilCll are sub ected to comparatively high temperatures. It isespecially adapted 'or making ovens for electrically heatcd ranges for the reason that in such ovens the hoat is localized and causes their very rapid deterioration if constructed of iron or steel or other commonly. used metals.

Another composite metal body may be J forined by the process herein described the said compositemetal body consisting of a metal sheet containing a layer of Monel metal and a layer of high resistance alloy. An example of such all'oy which has been found to unite very readly to e Monel metal by my process contains 7 iron,

17% nickel, 4% chromium, and 2% manganese.

Various changes and modifications of my invention Will readily suggest'themselves to those skilled in the art and are to be considered as coming within the scope thereof as set forth in the following clams.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is:

1. A composite metal body co nprising a layer coisis ting mainlyof iron and a layer of an alloy of nickel and Copper in which nickel predominates, the said layers being intimately united by a cupreous film or layer.

2. A conposi-te metal body conprisin a layer of steel, a layer of an alloy of niel and copperin which nickel predominates and an intermediate cupreous layer or film, the said layers being intimately joined.

3. A composite metal 'body comprising a plate of ferrous metal having a sheet of nickel-Copper alloy united to each side thereof by a layer of copper.

.In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 27th day of January, 1913.

TRUMAN Si. FULLER. i

lVitnesses i BENJAMIN B. HULL, HELEN ORFORD. 

